Internal-combustion engine.



E. A. JOHNSTON L C. L LONGENEOKER.

`IIVJERDTAL GQMBUSTION ENGINE'. APPLIOATIO'N FILED 15313.13, 1911.

Patented 111610.23, 1915.

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' LA. JOHNSTON @C G. -L L0NGENEGKER- INTERNAL GOMBUST-ION lENGIINE.

APPLGATIo-N FILED-M343, 1,911.

' Patented Feb. 23, 19.15.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

iUN 1TH@ T rarer orrrbu.

EDWARD A. JOHNSTON AND CHARLES I. LONGENECKER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,ASSIGNORS TO INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEWJERSEY.

INTnaNAL-coMBUs'rroN ENGINE.

speeification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 23, 1915.,

Application filed February 13, 1911. Serial No. 608,399.

To all whomz't may concern.'

Be it known that we, EDWARD A. JOHN- s'roN and CHARLES I. LONGENECKER,citizens of the nited States, residing at Chicago, in the County of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Internal Combustion Engines, of which the following is aspecification. i Ourinvention is applicable to all internal combustionengines, and in particular to those lwherein an explosive mixture ofliquid fuel and air is used, and initsspecilic organization is rdesignedforuse in engines using anyof the heavier liquid fuels, such ascrudepetroleum or kerosene or alcohol. We have discovered that thereliability of the engine operation and its efficiency in con- X'rertinginto'work the heat of combustion of such'heavy liquid fuels is largelydependent upon a proper control of the temperature of the walls ofthecylinder and combustion chamber y among other things. We lhave foundthat itis necessary to maintain substantially a constant temperature inall the walls in contact with the explosive mixture, and, furthermore,that it is desirable and possible to secure an automatic control of thistemperature in spite of natural tendencies for it to vary with thequantity of mixture exploded in accord with the load demands.

The object of our invention is to provide an organization of mechanicalelements that will attain such lresults in a practical andA satisfactorymanner. We attain this object by means of the mechanism illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, in 'conjunction with an engine utilizingheavy oils after being warmed by a preliminary use of gasolene or othereasily vaporized liquid fuel, but the mechanism of our invention maytake other forms or be used in conjunction with other devices andarrangements than those illusltrated by these drawings, in which- Figure1 is aside elevationl of an internal combustion engine having ourinvention forming a partthereof; Fig. 2 is an end elevation of Fig. 1;Fig. 3 is a sectional ele'- vation of a condenser forming part of thecooling water circulating mechanism; Fig. 4 represents a sectionalelevation of a constant level' cup communicating with'tthe water chambersurrounding the en 'ne cylinder. and with a source oit supply-o cooling.

water; Fig. 5 represents a detached detail of part of a watercirculating pump.

The same reference characters-designate like parts throughout theseveral views.

1 represents a base frame, uponv which is secured the engine frame 2,and 3 represents the engine crank shaft, Il the cylinder secured to theopposite end of the frame, the cylinder being provided with asurroundingannular chamber 5 for thel reception of a cirf culating cooling medium,f as water, the source of supply of the Water being a tank 6 carried bythe base frame 1. l

7 represents an inlet valve communicating with the combustion chamber,and includes a vertically 'arranged stem 8 slidably mounted in a bearingmember integral with a curved mixture feed conduit 10, having a flange11, whereby it is secured tothe outer wall of the cylinder. The upperend of the valve stem is encircled by a compression spring 13 that isoperativev between the wall of the conduit and a pressure regulating nut14: in a well-known manner to control the movement of the valve. Theconduit curves upward and outward toward the head of the cylinder and isprovided with a flange 15 at its outer end'whereby it is secured to acor- .responding flange 16 at the lower end of a hollow carburetermember 17 that curves outward and vertically and having its upper endcommunicating with the atmosphere. Surroundingl the vertical portion ofthe carbureter is a casing 18, having a series of annular chamberstherein, one of 4which is con-A nected with the source of water supplyby means of a pipe 20, andv having an overflow pipe 21 projecting intoits interior whereby a constant level of water isv maintained in thechamber, andl 22represents a common form 'of need'levalve that controlsthe admission of watery into the interior of thecarbureter. @ther ofsaid; chambers 23 are resents a double armed lever secured to the stem,and one arm of the lever is designed .to be connected with the governormecha- -nism of the engine, as by a rod 37, the opposite end of thelever being connected by means of an adjustable link 38 on the lever arm39secured to the stem 34 of the air controlling valve, whereby the twovalves are `operated in unison by the governor mechanism to control thevolume and proportion of mixture admitted to the combustion chamber.

381 represents an exhaust valve mechanism that may be connected with anoperative part of the engine by means of a lever 391 and 371 representsan exhaust pipeleading upward from the lower part of the combustionchamber.

40 represents a constant level water supply cup secured to the side ofthe cylinder, having its lower end communicating with the annular waterreceiving chamber surrounding the cylinder by means of a port 41 havinga check valve 42 located therein that opens toward the chamber. The cupreceives its water supply through its connection with the overflow pipe'21 of the water chamber in casing 18 of the carbureter mechanism, and43 represents an overflow pipe projecting into theinterior of the cupleading to the bottom of tank 6, the cheek valve 44 closing against thetank.l

45 represents a water circulating pump mounted upon ay bracket 46secured to the engine frame and having the plunger 47 operativelyconnected by means of a pitman 43 with an eccentric 49 secured to theengine shaft, and a valve chamber 50 by means of an inow pipe 51 withthe water supplyin the tank 6, and an outilow pipe 52 leading in -avertical direction to deliver the water into the upper end of acondenser 5.3, the lower end of the condenser communicating with a spraypipe 54 arranged across the upper end of tank 6.

55 represents a feed pip'e connected with the outflow pipe from the pumpbelow the condenser and leading to pipe 2O connected with the waterchamber of the carbureter mechanisim-and 56 an 4outlet pipe leading fromthe upper part and near the center of ythe lengthl of the water chambersurrounding the cylinder to the condenser.

i' The level of the waterl in the feed cup that supplies cooling waterto the chamber surrounding the cylinder is approximately in the samehorizontal plane with the upper part of thefehamber. Y' V*To start theengine, when the cylinder and combustion chamber are at a lowternperature in sutlicient to properly Vaporize the heavier liquidfuels, gasolene or other easily volatilized liquid fuel is admitted fromthe source of supply, and as soon as the combustion chamber becomesheated the gasolene supply ceases and kerosene is admitted. In this typeof engine the most ofthe heat of combustion of the explosive mixturethat is given to the inclosing walls is received by those bounding thespace between the 'cylinder head and inner position of the pistoncommonly calledv the combustion chamber and during the ignition of thecharge. After the explosion the temperatureof the gases rapidly andcontinuously ,falls as the piston makes its power stroke, andconsequently the walls of thatp'ortion of the cylinder uncovered by thisoutward piston movement are but slightly heated, while the walls of thecombustion chamber may be highly heated. This unequal wall heatingresults in an uneven distribution thereof throughout the cooling waterin the surrounding jacket, that portion surrounding the combustionchamber being heated to boiling before other parts nearer to the openend of the cylinder become fairly warm. The steam thus formed near thecylinder head will form a pocket and build -up enough steam pressure toforce the water toward the outlet pipe, up it and across the horizontalpipe into the condenserand thence to the supply tank, this discharge ofwater by steam pressure being followed by steam itself pressure isfollowed by an inflow of colder water into it from the constant levelcup, which momentarily cools the jacket but shortly after the wholeoperation automatically repeats itself. The intermittency of the flow ofwater in and .water and steam out being determined by the heat generatedby the burning gases, and the volume of the latter in turn by the loadupon the engine, the steam and water in varying recurring periodsrapidly carrying away the excess units of heat, but only in suilicientdegree, all unite in maintaining in an automatic manner substantially aconstant degree of temperature within the combustion 'chamberunderfvarying `Iload conditionsy upon the engine.

The means whereby intermittent ebullition and consequentrap'id removalof a portion of the heated water and steam, followed by an inflow of'colder water into the water chamber from the'feed cup past the checkvalve, is produced, is the gist of our invention,'and 'i llfhat we claimand Letters Patent is:

11.111 an internal combustion engine including, in combination, a 'powercylinder and .fi-combustion chamber, a water chamber surroundingfsaidcylinder and said co1nbustion chamber in which. a-steam-rpocket Aisadapted to be formed, a constant level feed passage between said cup andwater chamber to prevent a backward flow of water.v i

and an eduction outlet properly vc oinmunieating with said water chamberand leading to a level above said feed cup' whereby an intermittentoutflow of hot water located between said steam pocket and eductionoutlet from said water chamber, followed by an inflow of colder waterinto said water cham? ber, results during the' operation ofthe engine.

ing, in combination, a power cylinder and a combustion chamber, a waterchamber surrounding said cylinder and combustion chamber in which asteam pocket is adapted to be formed, a'constant level water feed cupcommunicating with said water chamber below its upper level and with asource of water supply to keep the proper amount of water in said waterchamber, a check valve --located in the passage between said cup andwater chamber to prevent a backward flow of water from said waterchamber, and an eduction outlet properly communicating with the upperlevel of said water chamber and leading therefrom to a level valcovesaid feed cup whereby an intermittent outflow of hot waterlocatedbetween said steam pocket and eduction outlet from said waterchamber, followed byl an inflow of colder water into said water chamber,results during the operation of the engine.

3. An internal combustion engine including in combination, a powercylinder and a combustion chamber, a water jacket surrounding saidcylinder in which a steam water chamber, followed by a flow of colderwater 'into said chamber, results during the operation of the engine.

4. An internal combustion engine including, in combination, a powercylinder and a combustion chamber, water chamber s urrounding saidcylinder and cpmbustion chamber in which a. steam pocket 1s adapted tobe formed, a source of water. supply, a

maintain 'the said outow 2. An internal combustion engine includ-vconsta-nt level gravityv feed' water cup coinmunicating with said waterchamber to proper water level in said water'chamber, acheck valvelocated in the passage connectingsaid cup and water chainber and closingagainst pressure within said chamber, said cup being connected with saidsource of water supply, a pump forming part of said connection, and anoutflow pipe properly located with respect to and leading `from saidwater chamber to al level above said feed cup to said source of watersupply whereby an intermittent .outflow of hot water located betweensaid steam pocket and pipe fronsaid water chamber, followed by an inflowof colder water into said water chamber, results during the operation ofthe engine.

5. An internalcom'bustion engine including, in combination, apowercylinder anda combustion chamber, a water jacket therefor in whichsteam pocket is adapted to be formed, 'a water tank adjacent tosaidvengine, a pump operatively connected with said engine and having aninlet pipe connection with the lower part of said tank, an outflow pipeleading from said pump to the upper part of said tank, a constant levelgravity feed water cup arranged with respect to said water jacket tomaintain the proper water level therein, said. cup communicating' withsaid water acket at a point below the normal water level valve locatedin the passagebetween said cup and water jacket and pressure within saidchamber, an inflow pipe between said pump and cup, an outlet pipeleading from said cup said tank,.a check valve in said last mentionedoutllow pipe closing against said tank, and an eduction pipe properlylocated withrespect to and leading from said water jacket to a levelabove said cup and to said tank, whereby lan intermittent outflow of hotwater located between said steam pocket and eduction pipe from saidjacket, followed by an inflow of colder water into said water jacket,results during the operation of the engine.

6. An' internal combustion engine including, 1n combination, a'powercylinder and a vcombustion chamber, a water jacket therefor in which asteam 'pocket is adapted to be formed, a water tank, a pump operativelyconnected with said engine and having an inflow pipe connection withsaid tank, a condenser having a pipe connection with the upper part ofsaid tank, an outflow pipe connecting said pump and condenser, aconstantlevel gravitv feed water cup adapted to maintain the properwater level within said Water jacket and communicating with said Waterjacket below the water level therein, alcheck valve located in thepassage between said cup and water jacket to preclosing against ltherein, acheck to the bottom of vent a backward flow vof water,connections `between said pump andl cup, an outflow pipe leading fromsaid cup to said tank, a check valve located in said outflow pipe andclosing against said tank, and an overflow pipe properly located withrespect to and leading from the upper part of said water jacket to alevel above said feed cup to said condenser whereby an intermittentoutfloi'ii of hot water located between said steam pocket and, overflowpipe from said jacket, followed by an inflow of colder water into saidjacket, results during the operation of the engine. 1

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, awater jacket therefor, means having one level for supplying water t-osaid jacket, overflow means at a higher level than said supplying means,means'whereby the overflow is rendered intermittent and caused by steamgenerated in said jacket, and means to prevent a backward fiowof saidwater. A

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, aliquid containing jacket therefor, means having one level for supplyinga liquid to said jacket, overflow' means at a higher level than saidsupplying means, means whereby the overflow is rendered intermittent andcaused by said liquid changing to alvaporized state within said jacket,and means to prevent a backward fiow of said liquid.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, afluid containing jacket therefor, means having one pressure forsupplying a fluid to said jacket for cooling purposes, an outlet memberfor said jacket requiring a higher pressure to expel said fluid, theadditional pressure being generated in said jacket, and means to preventa` backward movement of said fluid.

1.0. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a coolingjacket, supplying means therefor, an overflow member discharging at ahigher level than said supplying means, and means for causing anintermittent discharge from said jacket through said overflow member.

11. In an interna-l' combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder, a water jacket niza-10o therefor in which asteam pocket is adapted to be formed 'in one portion thereof, meanshaving one level for supplying water to said jacket, overflow meanslocated at another point of said jacket and at a higher level than saidsupplying means, means whereb,Y

the overflow 1s caused by steam generated in said jacket, the waterbetween said steam pocket and overflow being discharged intermittently,and means to prevent a backward flow of said water.

1Q'. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, awater jacket therefor containing water and means for intermittentlyejecting water therefrom in response to temperature conditions of saidcylinder.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a. cylinder, awater jacket therefor containing water, and means for intermittentlyejecting water therefrom and adding other water thereto in response totemperature conditions of said cylinder.

14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, awater jacket therefor containing water, means for intermittentlyejecting water therefrom and permitting the admission of other waterthereto in response to temperature conditions of said cylinder, andmeans to prevent a backward flow of said water.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, awater jacket therefor, and a water circulating system including meansfor producing in a. part thereof a continuous How of water and inanother part including said cylinder water jacket an intermittent flowof water.

16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, aWater jacket therefor, a water circulating system including means forproducing in a part thereof a continuous flow of water and in anotherpart including said cylinder water jacket an intermittent flow of water,and means to prebackward fiow of water. EDWARD A. JOHNSTON. CHARLES I.LONGENECKER. Witnesses:

A. A. J oNEs,

T. F. CROW.

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